❶そこに, そこで, そこへ, あそこに[で, へ]
go there
♔基本go there
そこへ行く
⦣ 動詞＋there. ×go to there としない.
live there
live there
そこに住んでいる
over there
over there
（向こうの）あそこに, 向こうに[の]
Sit there, not here.
関連語Sit there, not here.
ここでなくあそこに座すわりなさい.
Put the books over there on the shelf.
Put the books over there on the shelf.
それらの本を向こうの棚たなの上に置いてくれ.
⦣ 場所をいう時は, まず漠然ばくぜんと （over there＝向こうに ）, 次に具体的に （on the shelf＝棚の上に）の順でいう.
Where is Bob?—(He is) Up there, on the roof.
会話Where is Bob?—(He is) Up there, on the roof.
ボブはどこ?—あそこの上, あの屋根の上よ.
Are you there, Paul?
Are you there, Paul?
（隣となりの部屋などに向かって）ポール, あなたそこにいるの; （電話口で）ポール, あなた聞いているの.
Is Ken there?
Is Ken there?
（電話で）ケンはいますか.
I like Okinawa; the people there are very kind.
I like Okinawa; the people there are very kind.
私沖縄が好き. あそこの人たちってとても親切なんですもの.
⦣ 名詞＋there で形容詞的な使い方.
❷There is [are] ～ で～がある, ～がいる ⦣ There は主語の位置にあるが主語ではなく, is [are] の次に来る語が主語. この There には「そこに」の意味はない. 口語では there is, there are はそれぞれ there's, there're と縮めていう.
There is a cat on the roof.
♔基本There is a cat on the roof.
屋根の上に （1匹ぴきの）ネコがいます.
⦣ There is＋単数の主語＋場所を表す語句.
✓POINT
「そのネコ[君のネコ]は～にいる」など, 特定のものの「ありか, 所在」を表す時は The [Your] cat is on the roof. のようにいう. ふつうは ×There is the cat on the roof. としない.
There is [There's] someone at the door.
There is [話There's] someone at the door.
玄関げんかんに誰だれか来ています.
There's a hole in the bucket.
There's a hole in the bucket.
バケツに穴があいています.
There's a good restaurant there!
There's a good restaurant there!
あそこにいいレストランがあるよ.
⦣ 文末の there は「あそこに」.
＊会話＊
Is there a coffee shop near here?—Yes, there is [No, there isn't].
この近くにコーヒーショップはありますか.—ええ, あります[いいえ, ありません].
⦣ 疑問文は Is there＋主語? 否定文は There is not＋主語. /There isn't＋主語.
There is not a cloud in the sky.
There is not a cloud in the sky.
空には雲ひとつありません.
There are [There're] two books on the desk.
♔基本There are [話There're] two books on the desk.
机の上に2冊の本がある.
⦣ There are＋複数の主語＋場所を表す語句.
There are not any books on the desk.=There are no books on the desk.
There are not any books on the desk.=There are no books on the desk.
机の上には本は （1冊も）ない.
Are there any books on the desk?
Are there any books on the desk?
机の上に本がありますか.
There are many ways to help people, aren't there?
There are many ways to help people, aren't there?
人を助けるたくさんの方法があるのですね.
⦣ 不定詞 to help （助ける～）は many ways を修飾しゅうしょくする （to ❾の②）. aren't there? は「あるのですね」と念を押おす用法.
What is in the box?—There are some kittens.—How many kittens are there?—(There are) Three.
会話What is in the box?—There are some kittens.—How many kittens are there?—(There are) Three.
その箱の中には何がいるの.—子ネコが何匹びきかいます.—何匹の子ネコがいるの.—3匹います.
⦣ 最初「何が～?」と聞く時は What は単数として使う.
There was a big fire last night.
There was a big fire last night.
昨夜大きな火事があった.
There were fourteen candles on my birthday cake.
There were fourteen candles on my birthday cake.
私のバースデーケーキには14本のろうそくがありました.
There will [There'll] be a concert by our brass band next month.
There will [話There'll] be a concert by our brass band next month.
来月吹奏楽部のコンサートがあります.
There's a big dog barking in front of the door.
There's a big dog barking in front of the door.
ドアの前で大きな犬がほえてる.
⦣ A big dog is barking ～. と同じ意味.
❸there＋be以外の動詞＋主語で ～が～する ⦣ ❷の 「There is [are]＋主語」の変形で, is [are] のところに live （住んでいる）, come （来る）など存在や到着とうちゃくを表す動詞が来る.
Once upon a time there lived an old man and his old wife.
Once upon a time there lived an old man and his old wife.
昔々おじいさんとおばあさんが住んでいました.
The witch waved her hand and there appeared a frog.
The witch waved her hand and there appeared a frog.
魔女まじょが手を振ふると1匹のカエルが現れました.
There seems (to be) no hope.
There seems (to be) no hope.
望みが無いように思える.
❹（相手の注意を促うながして）ほら, そら
There comes the bus.
There comes the bus.
ほら, バスが来た.
⦣ There＋動詞＋主語.
The bus is late.—There it comes.
会話The bus is late.—There it comes.
バスが遅おそいですね.—あっ, 来ましたよ.
⦣ 主語が代名詞 （he, it, they など）の時は There＋主語＋動詞.
There goes Ken on his new bicycle.
There goes Ken on his new bicycle.
ほら, ケンが新しい自転車に乗って行くよ.
Mother, I cut my finger.—There, there, I'll kiss it and make it better.
会話Mother, I cut my finger.—There, there, I'll kiss it and make it better.
ママ, 指を切っちゃった.—よしよし, そこにキスして治してあげましょうね.
here and therehere and there
Hi there.Hello there.Hi [Hello] there.
やあこんにちは ⦣ ごく親しい間柄あいだがらで使う.
there is no doingthere is no doing
話 ～することはできない
There is no telling which side will win.
There is no telling which side will win.
どちら側が勝つか言うことができない[わからない].
There's a good boy.There's a good girl.There's a good boy [girl].
There's a good boy [girl].
There you are!There you are!
はい, これを（どうぞ） ⦣ 相手が欲ほしがっていたものを出しながら言う言葉.
There you are! A nice cup of coffee.
There you are! A nice cup of coffee.
はい, これをどうぞ. おいしいコーヒーよ.
