❶言う
say "good morning"
♔基本say “good morning”
「おはよう」と言う
⦣ say＋名詞（句）.
say goodbye to him
say goodbye to him
彼に「さようなら」と言う[お別れを言う]
Say it again.
Say it again.
それをもう一度言いなさい.
I have something to say to you.
I have something to say to you.
私は君に言う事[話]がある.
⦣ 不定詞 to say （言うべき～）は something を修飾しゅうしょくする. to❾の②
I did not know what to say.
I did not know what to say.
私は何と言ってよいかわからなかった.
⦣ what to say は「何を言うべきか」. to❾の⑤
It is hard to say which blouse is nicer.
It is hard to say which blouse is nicer.
どっちのブラウスがいいか言うのは難しい.
⦣ It＝不定詞 to say （言うこと）以下. to❾の①
I cannot hear what you say, please speak louder.
関連語I cannot hear what you say, please speak louder.
あなたの言うことが聞こえません, どうかもっと大きな声でしゃべってください.
What did he say about me? Tell me, please.
関連語What did he say about me? Tell me, please.
彼は私のこと何て言ったの. お願い, 教えて.
関連語言う
say は「自分の考えや気持ちを言葉で表す」こと. speak は「言葉を口に出す」ことで, 話す行為こういに重点がある. tell は「（話の内容を）伝える, ～のことを教える, 告げる」.
I've come to say goodbye.
I've come to say goodbye.
私はお別れを言いに来ました.
⦣ 不定詞 to say は「言うために」. to❾の③
I'm sorry to say (that) I cannot go with you.
I'm sorry to say (that) I cannot go with you.
（～と言うのを残念に思う）残念ながら私は君といっしょに行くことができない
⦣ 不定詞 to say は sorry を修飾する. to❾の④
He says that he can speak French.=He says, "I can speak French."
He says that he can speak French.=He says, “I can speak French.”
彼はフランス語がしゃべれると言っている.
He said nothing.
He said nothing.
彼は何も言わなかった.
I said to my uncle, "I've never seen such a thing."
I said to my uncle, “I've never seen such a thing.”
「そんな物は見たことがない」と私はおじに言った.
Did you say "books"?—No, I didn't.—What did you say?—I said "box."
会話Did you say “books”?—No, I didn't.—What did you say?—I said “box.”
「ブックス」（本）とおっしゃったんですか.—いいえ, そうは言いませんでした.—何とおっしゃったんですか.—「ボックス」（箱）と言ったんです.
John said in his letter that he would visit us next month.
John said in his letter that he would visit us next month.
ジョンは来月うちに来ると（手紙の中で言った）手紙で言ってよこした.
"How wonderful!" said Jane.
“How wonderful!” said Jane.
「なんてすばらしいんでしょう」とジェーンは言った.
✓POINT
人の言葉をそのまま伝える時の say の位置は文頭, 文末, あるいは伝える内容が長い時には文中のいずれでもよい.
He is said to be very rich.=It is said that he is very rich. (=People say that he is very rich. )
He is said to be very rich.=It is said that he is very rich. People say that he is very rich. 成句
彼はとても金持ちだと言われている[金持ちだといううわさだ].
⦣ 受け身の文. is 助動❷
What is he saying? I can't hear him.
What is he saying? I can't hear him.
彼は何と言っているのですか. 私には彼の言っていることが聞こえません.
⦣ 現在進行形の文. is助動❶
She went out without saying a word.
She went out without saying a word.
彼女は一言も言わずに出て行った.
⦣ saying は動名詞で前置詞 （without） の目的語.
❷（本・手紙・掲示けいじなどに）～と書いてある
The sign says, "Danger."
The sign says, “Danger.”
看板には「危険」と書いてある.
Her letter says she'll arrive on Sunday.
Her letter says she'll arrive on Sunday.
彼女の手紙には日曜日に着くと書いてある.
An old story says, "A hare is making rice cakes on the moon."
An old story says, “A hare is making rice cakes on the moon.”
昔話の本には「ウサギが月で餅もちをついている」と書いてある.
There is a notice saying, "Please stand on the right."
There is a notice saying, “Please stand on the right.”
「右側にお立ちください」と書いた掲示がある.
⦣ saying は現在分詞（～と書いてある）で notice を修飾する.
People say that ～.They say that ～.People say ～.They say ～.People [They] say (that) ～.
People [They] say (that) ～.
世間では～と言っている, ～といううわさ[話]です
People say that he is a good singer. (=He is said to be a good singer.)
People say that he is a good singer. He is said to be a good singer.
彼は歌がうまいと言われている.
say to oneselfsay to oneself
自分に言いきかせる, 心に思う; ひとり言を言う
"I'll do my best," he said to himself.
“I'll do my best,” he said to himself.
「私は全力を尽つくそう」と彼は心に思った.
that is to saythat isthat is (to say)
すなわち
My grandfather left all his wealth to his youngest son, that is to say, to my father.
My grandfather left all his wealth to his youngest son, that is to say, to my father.
私の祖父は彼の財産全部を彼の末子すなわち私の父に残した.
to say nothing of ～to say nothing of ～
～は言うまでもなく, ～はもちろんのこと
He can speak Italian, to say nothing of English.
He can speak Italian, to say nothing of English.
彼は英語はもちろんのことイタリア語も話せる.
You don't say!You don't say!
話 （驚いて, または驚いたふりをして）まさか, そんな.
What do you say to ～?What do you say to ～?
～はどうですか
What do you say to (taking) a walk in the park?
What do you say to (taking) a walk in the park?
公園を散歩しようよ.
